What is hypoxia or cyanotic mean

The hypoxia-induced increase in expression of these key proteins is governed by the hypoxia-sensitive transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 HIF During hypoxia, systemic arterioles dilate, at least in part, by opening of K ATP channels in vascular smooth-muscle cells due to the hypoxia-induced reduction in ATP concentration.

Hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial constriction shunts blood away from poorly ventilated portions toward better ventilated portions of the lung; however, it also increases pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular afterload.

Changes in the central nervous system CNS , particularly the higher centers, are especially important consequences of hypoxia.

Acute hypoxia causes impaired judgment, motor incoordination, and a clinical picture resembling acute alcohol intoxication. High-altitude illness is characterized by headache secondary to cerebral vasodilation, gastrointestinal symptoms, dizziness, insomnia, fatigue, or somnolence.

Pulmonary arterial and sometimes venous constriction causes capillary leakage and high-altitude pulmonary edema HAPE Chap. Rarely, high-altitude cerebral edema HACE develops, which is manifest by severe headache and papilledema and can cause coma.

As hypoxia becomes more severe, the regulatory centers of the brainstem are affected, and death usually results from respiratory failure. Acute hypoxia stimulates the chemoreceptor reflex arc to induce venoconstriction and systemic arterial vasodilation.

These acute changes are accompanied by transiently increased myocardial contractility, Your MyAccess profile is currently affiliated with '[InstitutionA]' and is in the process of switching affiliations to '[InstitutionB]'.

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Learn More. Sign in via OpenAthens. Sign in via Shibboleth. AccessBiomedical Science. AccessEmergency Medicine. Case Files Collection. Clinical Sports Medicine Collection. Davis AT Collection. Davis PT Collection. Murtagh Collection. About Search. Enable Autosuggest. Your patient is tachypneic and dyspneic. What is the first step you should take to ensure maximal lung expansion? Your patient is sitting up at 90 degrees, but is still showing signs of hypoxia.

What would be your best steps? Previous: 5. Next: 5. Share This Book Share on Twitter. Consider any underlying causes of hypoxia, such as COPD, heart failure, anemia, and pneumonia, which need to be corrected to prevent and manage hypoxia Perry et al.

Early signs of hypoxia are anxiety, confusion, and restlessness; if hypoxia is not corrected, hypotension will develop. Late signs of hypoxia include bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, where vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels or decreased hemoglobin causes cyanosis.

Cyanosis is most easily seen around the lips and in the oral mucosa. Never assume the absence of cyanosis means adequate oxygenation. Increased respiration rate is an indication of respiratory distress.

Shortness of breath SOB is an indication of respiratory distress. Use of neck or intercostal muscles when breathing is an indication of respiratory distress.