The examples I use deal almost entirely with structural inherency, but they can be applied to any of the three. This gives you access to alternate causality arguments. As demonstrated by our analysis, that assumption is faulty.
Masking DAs are structured the same way. Their impact is that an Aff ballot wrongly identifies the problem and then acts to solve it. This compounds all your other arguments: not only is Aff unhelpful, and they manage to create a bunch of new problems, but they even manage to make the original problem harder to solve.
Combining a masking DA with an implied counterplan aimed at the actual root cause can be extremely effective. Often, yes. Most common are congressional investigations or condemnations. So I decided to answer them here without their permission. Why does it matter? Like this: Like Loading Leave a suggestion, question, or other comment!
Cancel reply. Globalism LD 2 Privacy v. Harms are really straightforward; they are something bad in the status quo current situation. The Affirmative needs to prove that there are real harms, in order to justify implementation of their plan. Without harms, there is no reason to act.
Harms can be shown in a harms contention or in scenarios. Solvency refers to the ability of the affirmative to either eliminate or at least mitigate the harms presented in the debate. To win, an Affirmative must show that their plan is comparatively better than either the status quo or the Negative's alternative.
Disadvantages: Disadvantages are arguments that are designed to show unintended negative consequences of enacting the Affirmative plan. Topicality is the argument that suggests that the Affirmative needs to present a case that fits under all aspects of the resolution. If a disadvantage claims that the affirmative plan spends money as the link, an affirmative argument that the plan saves money is the link turn. The negative team argues against the resolution.
In modern policy debate, the negative directs their arguments against the specific policy proposal outlined by the affirmative. Negative block. Net beneficial. In order for the negative team to win a counterplan , they must prove that the counterplan is net-beneficial. A counterplan is net-beneficial if it is better than the affirmative plan or a combination of the plan and all or part of the counterplan.
Net benefits. Disadvantages or kritiks that the negative uses to prove that it is better to just do the counterplan than a combination of the plan and the counterplan the permutation are often referred to as net-benefits. These disadvantages or kritiks need to at least link less to the affirmative plan than to the counterplan.
Technically these arguments are not net-benefits until it is proven that they are reasons to support only the counterplan. New arguments. New arguments are arguments made in the debate that are made after the team had a speech to answer the arguments. For example, if you make five arguments to the disadvantage in the 2AC, and you make a sixth argument in the 1AR, the argument you make in the 1AR is new.
You have to answer arguments in the debate at your next available opportunity — the next speech. If the affirmative plan does not fit within the bounds of the resolution it is deemed to be non-topical. For example, if the negative argues that the plan will cause the economy to crash and the affirmative argues that the economy has already crashed, then that problem is non-unique to what the affirmative is advocating.
First affirmative constructive speeches 1ACs are often organized into observations. Affirmatives often present a harms observation, an inherency observation, and a solvency observation.
In addition to direct case attacks, the negative can refute the idea that the affirmative should win the debate through topicality arguments, kritiks, counterplan s, and disadvantages. Offensive arguments. If someone tells you to make an offensive argument, you may think that he or she is telling you to be rude. This is not the case, however. An offensive argument simply refers to a turn — a link turn, an internal link turn, or an impact turn.
If the negative says your plan spends money, and you argue that it saves money, you are making an offensive argument. An overview is a general explanation of a major argument in that occurs before you begin answering the line-by-line argument s that the other side has made.
The pairing is the sheet that is released by the tab room before the start of each debate. The pairing identifies your team, the team you are debating, the room where the debate will occur, and who the judge s of the debate. A paradigm is a way of seeing the world. In debate, judges have different paradigms — or ways of seeing the debate.
The most popular contemporary paradigms are stock issues and policy-making. Permutation perm. A permutation is a combination of the plan and all or part of the counterplan or kritik alternative.
Usually it is not simply enough to point out that a permutation is possible — you need to prove that the permutation is a net-desirable course of action compared to the counterplan. If an argument is persuasive it is convincing to the audience. Negative teams can also introduce plans — in the form of counterplan s. Plan meet need PMN. A plan meet need is a basic solvency argument that says that the affirmative plan will not solve for the harms that they have identified.
Plan-plan is an out-of-fashion debate theory that says that the negative and the affirmative should both advance plans and whichever plan has the greatest advantages should win.
Plan-plan theory never survived close analysis because it ignores that critical concept of counterplan competition that demonstrates that the counterplan is a reason to vote against the affirmative.
A plan-inclusive counterplan is a counterplan that does part of the affirmative plan, but not all of it. They will argue that the part that they do not do is bad. They will link disadvantages and kritiks to the part that they do not do. Policy-making Policy-making is one of the most popular paradigms — ways of viewing and judging the debate. Policy-makers believe that the affirmative plan should be voted for if it is on balance beneficial and believe that the negative should win if the affirmative plan is prove to be net undesirable.
Positions are the major off-case arguments advanced by the negative. Negative positions include topicality , counterplans , critiques, and disadvantages. Preliminary rounds Most debate tournaments have both preliminary rounds and elimination rounds. In the preliminary rounds each two person team is assigned a number of affirmative and negative debates say three of each.
Prima Facie Burden Prima Facia burdens are generally things that the affirmative must prove in order to win. Generally, they must prove that their plan is inherent, that significant harms will occur if the plan is not adopted, and that the affirmative can solve for the identified harms. Probability Probability refers to how likely something is. It is an important means of risk analysis.
For example, if you argue that the affirmative plan will destroy the economy, you need to argue how probable that is. As you will learn in debate, almost anything is possible. The question is how probable is it? Procedural A procedural is a debate theory argument that argues that that some specific argument advanced by the other side should not be allowed, and often it will at least be asserted that the procedural objection is a reason to vote against the other side.
In each debate the judge rates the debaters This rating number is your rank in a particular debate. A 1 is the best rank and a 4 is the lowest rank. There are four constructive speeches in the debate and there are four rebuttals.
Each debater delivers a constructive and a rebuttal. In modern debate, it is useful to think of each speech after the first as a rebuttal. You are constantly in the process of answering — rebutting — arguments.
Reasonability issues arise in topicality debates. Affirmatives will argue that their interpretation of the topic is reasonable and that topicality debates should not be about discovering the most limited interpretation.
Resolution The resolution is the chosen subject for debates. Affirmatives will support it, and negatives will go against it. Risk analysis Risk analysis involves assessing risks of the costs and benefits of a given proposal. The central elements of risk analysis are the impact, the probability, and the time-frame. In most regions of the countries judges will let you explain your roadmap before they start running your speech time in order that they can also put their flow sheets in order.
This simply means making the argument in a debate.
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