In multiple sclerosis, for instance, helper T cells cause loss of myelin on neurons, which in turn causes neuron dysfunction and even death. In mice, administration of melanotan 1 interferes with this process and prevents loss of meylin, thus preventing neuron damage.
In fact, administration of MT-1 to these mice improved myelin recovery and helped to reestablish neuron signaling [ 12 ]. Similar effects as above are also seen in mouse models of uveitis, an inflammatory disorder of the eye that can cause pain and vision loss.
Current treatments have a range of side effects, so scientists are constantly searching for alternatives to steroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Surprisingly, local administration of MC4 receptor agonists directly to the eye is as effective as systemic administration.
This route of administration helps to eliminate systemic side effects. Melanotan 1 works on several melanocortin receptors, including the MC5 receptor. Stimulation of MC5R promotes the oxidation of fatty acids by muscle and shifts fat cells from fat storage to fat burning [ 14 ] , [ 15 ]. These findings in mice also reveal that the fat burning caused by melanocortin stimulation is complex and involves several receptors and physiologic pathways. That said, melanotan 1 is useful to scientists wishing to explore how fatty acid metabolism can be altered and offers the tantalizing ability to boost baseline physiology without the need for exercise, which could be of tremendous benefit in individuals who are unable to exercise due to morbid obesity, disability, or injury.
Research by L. Edmiston, M. Edmiston holds an M. The products offered on this website are furnished for in-vitro studies only. In-vitro studies Latin: in glass are performed outside of the body. These products are not medicines or drugs and have not been approved by the FDA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law.
This designation allows the use of research chemicals strictly for in vitro testing and laboratory experimentation only. Please Read our Disclaimer. Researching about Melanotan, one would probably stumble upon Melanotan 1 or Melanotan 2. Though these two peptides only differ by a single number, they definitely differ from each other in many aspects. For starters, Melanotan is a synthetic peptide made to mimic the action of melanocortins.
MSH includes a number of peptide hormones that stimulates the production of melanin which is responsible for the pigmentation of the skin and hair or many animals.
First synthesized in the University of Arizona in the s, MT1 is currently being studied to help with some skin disorders. Just like Melanotan 1 it also has a direct effect on melanogenesis or the production of melanin in the skin. In addition, the sun-exposed back sites returned to baseline reflectance values7 weeks after the sun exposures L-value. Figure 2 compares the effect of the combination of sunlight exposurebegun on the first day of MT-1 dosing with the degree of tanning achievedon the same subjects' non—sun-exposed back site.
This comparison shows that the combination of MT-1 plus sunlight produced rapid and profound skindarkening at the sun-exposed back site Figure2 , solid symbols. This was significantly greater than the darkeningproduced by MT-1 alone at the contralateral nonexposed back site Figure 2 , open symbols.
The absolute change in reflectance units for the combination was profound, involving the largestreflectance changes recorded: a mean unit decrease in luminance and a meanunit increase in b-scale values. When sun exposure was added to MT-1 at the end of the first 2 weeks of dosing, there was a similar increase in darkening at the sun-exposed backsite compared with the non—sun-exposed back site Figure 3.
However, in this case, the onset of darkening was delayed by approximately 2 weeks. This represents a significant difference comparedwith sunlight delivered on the first day of MT-1 dosing Figure 2. Figure 2 and Figure 3 show that the duration of darkening was remarkably prolonged for all subjects receiving sunlight plus MT Inthis case, it did not matter whether sunlight was added at the start or middle of the MT-1 dosing period.
Indeed, at the conclusion of reflectance monitoringat 11 weeks, all MT-1—treated subjects were as dark as they were at the onset of maximal tanning at both sun-exposed and non—sun-exposedback sites. This differs dramatically from the sun-only controls, wherein reflectance values had all returned to baseline after 7 weeks Figure 1.
The difference is even more striking when one considersthat the subjects receiving only sunlight no MT-1 received almost twice as much total sun exposure to the back as compared with the combination group Table 6.
Since the group receiving MT-1 in protocol 3 experienced the greatest cumulative drug exposure to date, the question of adverse effects has specialimportance. The most common adverse effect was again facial and upper truncal flushing, which occurred variably. There were 9 instances of flushing in 3of the 5 subjects. As in our prior studies, the onset was within minutes of MT-1 injection, and it typically resolved within 30 to 60 minutes. The mostserious adverse effect was nausea, which was experienced by 2 of the 5 subjects.
This began within 40 minutes of the first injection in patient Another subject patient also experienced nausea after the second dose and received 10 mg of oral prochlorperazine beforethe next 3 doses. Latter MT-1 doses were given with no antiemetics, and there was no significant nausea.
The only other reported adverse effect was afternoonfatigue or somnolence, which was reported in 3 subjects. For example, during week 3, one subject described a 2-hour period of fatigue after each injection. In another subject, general fatigue was described throughout the second week of the injections, with some persistence over the weekend when no MT-1 wasadministered.
All of these adverse effects were of mild intensity, and there was no evidence of cumulative toxic effects. Indeed, most adverse effectswere reported during the first 2 weeks of the 4-week regimen, and only 1 instance of flushing and 1 instance of fatigue were reported in the last fourth weekof MT-1 dosing. The primary goal of the present study was to characterize the safety of MT-1 combined with small amounts of UV light.
The results show that thesynthetic superpotent melanotropin, MT-1, can be safely combined with smallamounts of UV-B from a solar simulator or with brief exposures to full sunlight. The latter combination produced a marked enhancement of skin tanning, with the most rapid onset seen for sunlight added at the start of MT-1 dosing. We have further shown that MT-1 can be administered for 20 days over 4 weeksat a daily dose of 0. The trials also confirm that the 0.
For example, in our original study of a 0. In some cases this included the buttocks, wherein MC1R densities are reported to be very low. However, there was 1female subject in protocol 2 with type IV skin by history who did not respond at any skin site to the 0.
This is the first observationof a completely nonresponsive individual, and there is no clear explanation at this time for the total lack of response. However, there are several caveats. First, this was a small pilot study involving only 8 subjects, and only 4 subjects received MT Second,there was minimal tanning of the neck induced by the 0. Finally, there was substantial variability between subjects in the numberof sunburn cells produced by 3 MED of UV-B radiation.
This variability suggests that large sample sizes will be required to determine whether a reductionof UV-B—induced sunburn cells comprises a reliable surrogate of a solar-protective effect of MT If the goal of sun exposure is simply to obtain a tan, then MT-1 incombination with a minimal amount of sunlight should provide a tan, which reduces the need for substantial solar exposure. This might considerably reduce the damage to skin from solar exposure.
The results, therefore, have importantimplications relative to the use of a tanning booth to acquire a tan, whichhas recently been associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer risk. It is therefore the synergistic action of sunlight and MT-1 on the duration and intensity of the pigmentary response that is remarkable. At the end of the 2-week dosing period, we could not demonstrate any significant changes in the absolute numbers of 17 different white bloodcell subtypes in the peripheral blood of 7 of these subjects.
However, the effectiveness of these peripheral blood cells to mount an immunologic reactionwas not evaluated, and therefore we cannot rule out an alteration in immune response induced by MT On the other hand, no infections have been observedin any of the approximately healthy subjects treated with MT-1 to date. The lack of an immunologiceffect for MT-1 is also consistent with a study in mice wherein the native hormone blocked contact hypersensitivity reactions, but MT-1 did not.
The other adverse effects of MT-1 seen in this study are similar to those previously reported. This effect may be mediated by interactionof MT-1 with melanocortin-3 receptors MC3Rs , which have been found in the gut tissues of animals. The biochemicalpathway for the other MT-1 adverse effects, notably facial flushing and fatigue, are not known. However, the acute flushing reactions in the upper trunk maybe caused by the production of the vasodilatory molecule nitric oxide, which has been observed following MSH binding to MC1R on keratinocytes and melanotyces.
Similar to the other toxic effects, fatigue did not recur with each dose andwas not cumulative in intensity when it did recur. Perhaps the most important observation in the 3 clinical studies of MT-1 is the observation of marked tanning synergy with the combination ofUV-B light protocol 2 or sunlight protocol 3. The degree of skin darkening measured at both light exposed sites was significantly greater than that achievedwith UV light, sunlight, or drug alone.
Direct Peptides does not encourage or promote the use of any of these products in a personal capacity i. It promotes skin malignancies, such as: squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma. See our full range of Melanotan products, including vials, premixed cartridges and nasal sprays!
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